托福獨(dú)立寫作審錯(cuò)題怎么辦
托福的獨(dú)立寫作審題很重要，稍不注意就會(huì)丟分，現(xiàn)在小編給大家分享幾個(gè)審題的小技巧。
托福獨(dú)立寫作你真的“審”對(duì)題了嗎
1. 確認(rèn)寫作話題關(guān)鍵詞(Identify the Topic Words)
每個(gè)寫作題目都會(huì)包含一個(gè)比較“泛”的話題，托福獨(dú)立作文中常見的話題包括教育學(xué)習(xí)類、生活休閑類、工作類、科技類、政府類、環(huán)境類等。
接下來我們先看看TPO 45獨(dú)立作文這個(gè)話題。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In the past, young peopledepended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today youngpeople are better able to make decisions about their own lives.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
以上這個(gè)寫作任務(wù)涉及的 “大話題” 是現(xiàn)在的年輕人做決定 (youngpeople make decisions)。但是如果僅僅寫現(xiàn)在的年輕人自己作決定有什么好處，肯定不能很好地滿足上述評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第一條要求(effectively address the topic and task)。
我們繼續(xù)看第二個(gè)分析點(diǎn)：
2. 識(shí)別微話題關(guān)鍵詞 (Identify Micro-topic Words)
這種類型的詞一般是用來細(xì)化這個(gè)比較“泛”的話題題目，確定具體的寫作方向，反映出評(píng)分員具體希望從考生的文章中看到的內(nèi)容，因此它們一般會(huì)包含一種觀點(diǎn)立場(chǎng)或者是題目論述的修飾成分。下面再來看看TPO 45的獨(dú)立作文題目。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In the past, young peopledepended too much on their parents to make decisions for them;todayyoung people are better able to make decisions about their own lives.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
在這個(gè)題目中，微話題關(guān)鍵詞是 “are better able to”(更有能力)以及“about their own lives” (與自己人生有關(guān))，如果各位考生沒有找準(zhǔn)這兩個(gè)細(xì)化的關(guān)鍵詞，很容易將文章方向?qū)懫?，因此，我們說寫作文的時(shí)候要以微話題關(guān)鍵詞為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
3. 識(shí)別題目指引詞 (Identify Instruction Words)
相信我們大部分同學(xué)都知道獨(dú)立作文的題目提問類型有：同意與否、二選一(個(gè)人偏好)、三選一(最值)。下面以三個(gè)TPO 獨(dú)立作文的題目為例分析具體的寫作指引。
TPO 45
Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement?
In the past, young peopledepended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today youngpeople are better able to make decisions about their own lives.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
以上的題目是典型的“Agree or Disagree”類型，要求考生表達(dá)自己對(duì)于題目論述的看法，并加入具體的原因和例子去作為支撐。按照以上分析思路，如果各位考生選擇同意題目立場(chǎng)，就需要去想導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)在的年輕人更有能力做與自己人生有關(guān)的決定的原因。
TPO 44
Some people believe that when busy parents do not havea lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is tohave fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use thattime doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?
Usespecific reasons and examples to support your answer.
以上的題目是典型的“personal preference”(二選一)類型，要求考生從題目描述的兩種選擇中挑一種，并加入具體的原因和例子去作為支撐。按照以上分析思路，如果各位考生選擇同意題目第一種觀點(diǎn)，就需要去想為什么工作忙的家長(zhǎng)要將有限的空閑時(shí)間用來陪孩子玩游戲或者做運(yùn)動(dòng)。
TPO 43
Imagine that you are in a classroom ora meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect. In youropinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?
1) Interrupt and correct the mistake right away
2) Wait until the class or meeting is over and the people are gone, and thentalk to the teacher or meeting leader
3) Say nothing
Use specificreasons and examples to support your answer.
以上的題目是典型的 “三選一” 類型，要求考生從題目中列舉的三種選擇挑一種，并加入具體的原因和例子去作為支撐。按照以上分析思路，如果各位考生選擇立場(chǎng)2)，就需要去想為什么要等到下課或者會(huì)后人都離場(chǎng)了才去和老師或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說。
托福獨(dú)立寫作如何避免跑題
獨(dú)立寫作
1. 熟悉可能涉及的話題。
可用official guide提供的185個(gè)topics，或去下載題庫(kù)，然后反復(fù)閱讀題目。
185個(gè)topics從寫作模式上分可分為：
解釋現(xiàn)象類：(如解釋一下為什么現(xiàn)代人的壽命比以前的長(zhǎng))
對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)類：
給出兩個(gè)對(duì)立的事物或者一個(gè)事物對(duì)立的兩個(gè)方面，要求考生支持一方并進(jìn)行說明(如
Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short
period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long
period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain
why.);
或給出兩個(gè)對(duì)立事物或一個(gè)事物對(duì)立的兩個(gè)方面，要求考生說明二者為什么不同或比較它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并給出理由(Some people like different friends. Other likes similar friends. Compare the advantages of these two kinds of friends. Which kind of friend do you prefer? Explain why.)
185個(gè)topics從內(nèi)容上可分為：
學(xué)習(xí)類：(如自學(xué)還是跟老師學(xué)，學(xué)廣還是學(xué)精)
工作類：(如在大公司還是小公司)
生活類：(如食品烹飪便捷是否提高生活質(zhì)量，如喜歡在家里吃飯還是在餐廳吃飯)
電視電影類：(如電視電影疏遠(yuǎn)了家人的情感，你是否同意)
消費(fèi)類：(如花在娛樂上，還是事業(yè)上)
環(huán)境類：(如政府投入環(huán)保的力度是否應(yīng)該大于投入經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的力度)
古老建筑類：(如是否應(yīng)該保留老建筑)
成功類：(如成功的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是金錢和榮耀，你的看法如何)
性格類：(如聰明的朋友比幽默的朋友重要，你是否同意)
2. 形成自己的答案資源庫(kù)。
熟悉了寫作題目之后，就要準(zhǔn)備自己的答案資源庫(kù)了。
自己的資源庫(kù)要包括：同一類題目的通用觀點(diǎn)，有針對(duì)性的例證(不一定都要背名人典故，可以從自身取材，自給自足)。這些內(nèi)容都是要自己去深思，需要有人點(diǎn)撥，才能形成一個(gè)清晰的構(gòu)架和寫作流程的。我的習(xí)慣就是羊毛出在羊身上，來源于彼，還原于彼。
3. 線性思維，總——分——總。
在新托福寫作中，用這總分總種思維最容易獲得高分，所以你要在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中一定要注意寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)。托福作文應(yīng)該寫成三個(gè)層次，也就是我們確立了中心思想后應(yīng)該找到三條理由來支持。托福作文五段論：第一段為中心思想段;二、三、四段為支持段落;最后一段為總結(jié)段落。其實(shí)這個(gè)東西并不是絕對(duì)的，有自己的思想內(nèi)容來決定，因此八股文的形式還是要隱晦些。
4. 模仿幾個(gè)拽句子。
拽句子不用很多，點(diǎn)綴其中，添彩即可。模仿的句子來源，可以是閱讀中的復(fù)雜句式，先分析長(zhǎng)句子的語(yǔ)義功能：它在文章中起了什么作用，是總結(jié)，是過渡，是舉例，還是因果?那么我在用到總結(jié)的語(yǔ)句時(shí)，是不是能偷天換日地用上這樣的句式?用上幾次之后，這些句子就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單熟悉了。
托?？荚嚕和懈＊?dú)立寫作審題問題詳解
案例1：誤解原意思
Do you agree or disagree: Because people are busy with doing so many things, they can do few things well?
Original：
Some people may hold the view that they are able to do things well even if they are busy with doing so many things simultaneously or during a given period. Although plausible at the first glance, I disagree with the statement. Depending on my own personal experience and personality, I firmly maintain that people can do few things well when they are busy with doing so many things. My arguments of this opinion are listed as follows.
解析：
文章第一句話不是對(duì)原題目意思進(jìn)行解釋，而是采用采取了和原意思相反的做法來進(jìn)行題目詮釋;第二句表明自己對(duì)誤解題目的觀點(diǎn);第三句話對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行近一步的解釋;第四句一個(gè)過渡性的句子。開篇內(nèi)容安排倒是很好，但是作者犯了誤解原題目意思的錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致后面整個(gè)文字都做了無(wú)用功。
Revised：
When people are engaged in a large extent of work simultaneously, they will not be able to perform all of them perfectly. Just imagine how terrible it will be: too many jobs need to be done by the same person in a given time. Once such a picture appears in my mind, I feel dizzy. To me, it is impossible to do everything well with the limited energy and many others factors .Therefore , I agree with the statement too many things to be done at the same time cause few to be well done . The reasons are as follow.
Revised：
第一句話對(duì)原題目意思進(jìn)行了很好的詮釋;第二、三句話進(jìn)一步解釋原題目;第四句話提出自己的觀點(diǎn);第五句話過渡性句子引起下文。
案例2 ：語(yǔ)言羅嗦，繞彎子給出自己觀點(diǎn)，浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
original：
With the development of science and technology, people’s living standard has been improving day by day. According to the family plan, one couple could have only one child. So child becomes the center of the whole family. Some of them are even spoiled. Therefore, I think it is better if the young adult could live independent from their parents as soon as possible.
解析：
這個(gè)開頭看似沒有任何問題，但是仔細(xì)分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多問題。首先，作者繞了個(gè)大彎才給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。其次，觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)原題目的抄寫，改動(dòng)的比較少。最后，開篇缺少引起下文的過渡句。更大的錯(cuò)誤是這個(gè)開頭更像是一個(gè)全文主要觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)。
Revised:
As we all know, some young adults have the sense of independence in a special period so that they want to choose to live apart from their family, while others still choose to stay with parents in the family. Family can provide young adults a warm bay where he or she could turn to whenever any problems arise. However, considering the sound development of the young adult both mentally and physically, I think to live independently the earlier, the better. Independence is a lesson that each of us must face one day. The detailed reasons are listed below.
解析：
第一句話詮釋原題目意思;第二句話進(jìn)一步解釋第一句話;第三句話提出自己的觀點(diǎn);第四句話解釋自己的觀點(diǎn)，引出下文。
托福獨(dú)立寫作開篇第一段是整個(gè)文章的主機(jī)調(diào)，這個(gè)部分如果出現(xiàn)問題整個(gè)文章就會(huì)黯然失色。
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托福獨(dú)立寫作審錯(cuò)題怎么辦
