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id="xkosgsc" class="con_l fl"> <article class="ar_con bg louti"> <div id="6msprfe" class="ar_title"> <h1>培養(yǎng)學生的科學實驗?zāi)芰?/h1> <div id="9ctzivk" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="xpytfno" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="jdbbnvp" class="sp2 c6 fl">時間：<time class="fxtime">2023-01-26 11:14:49</time></span> <span id="pi14oxd" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">若木</em><em class="user_id noshow">1</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="z4rxogs" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pjwng1m" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="fibuzdk" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> 科學實驗在科學教學中占有著重要地位，它既是科學教學基礎(chǔ)，又是科學教學的內(nèi)容、方法和手段。新課程標準倡導(dǎo)學生自主學習、研究性學習、加強科學探究，因此實驗在科學教學中的地位大大加強了?？茖W實驗既能為學生的自主學習、科學探究打下基礎(chǔ)，又能為學生自主學習、科學探究提供物質(zhì)保證，所以新課程標準下的科學實驗教學應(yīng)不斷創(chuàng)新，切實培養(yǎng)學生的實驗?zāi)芰Α＞唧w可從以下兩方面入手：<br/> 一、加強學生對實驗原理的理解<br/> 教師在做演示實驗時，要做到一邊講，一邊做，并在黑板上畫出實驗草圖，一邊寫下與實驗有關(guān)的現(xiàn)象、結(jié)論并分析原因。為了幫助學生理解演示實驗，教師對實驗現(xiàn)象的解釋應(yīng)注意科學性。在教學中，對每一個演示實驗，教師都要認真加以分析，研究學生的實際情況，對實驗做一些必要的講解，介紹實驗所需的一些必備知識，強調(diào)學生觀察的注意事項及實驗操作方面的規(guī)范要求，并適當啟發(fā)學生對實驗觀察到的現(xiàn)象進行分析和思考。講解既可以在實驗前進行，也可以配合實驗同時進行。實踐表明，講解的作用不僅限于彌補學生知識準備的不足，同時對學生認清科學的本質(zhì)、達到演講實驗的預(yù)期效果也有重要作用。學生在做分組實驗時，要課前預(yù)習，在明確實驗?zāi)康摹⒄莆諏嶒炘淼幕A(chǔ)上進行獨立操作，以利于對實驗的理解。<br/> （1）在實驗的準備階段，學生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，明確實驗?zāi)康?，能根?jù)實驗意圖制定實驗方案，并通過現(xiàn)象“預(yù)演”實驗的整個或部分過程。<br/> （2）學生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，能正確地選擇實驗儀器，掌握各種儀器的精確度、量程及正確的使用方法；能自己設(shè)計方案，擬定實驗步驟。在實驗過程中，學生能及時觀察有關(guān)實驗現(xiàn)象及變化，能及時記錄實驗所得的現(xiàn)象和數(shù)據(jù)。<br/> （3）實驗結(jié)束后，引導(dǎo)學生分析實驗過程中的實驗現(xiàn)象，對所得的數(shù)據(jù)加以處理，然后進行誤差分析，找出產(chǎn)生實驗誤差的原因。這樣既能使學生掌握正確的實驗操作方法，又能培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力，促進實驗技能的形成和提高。<br/> 通過教師的啟發(fā)，引導(dǎo)學生把實驗中所獲得的新知識，通過總結(jié)和提高，納入已有的科學知識體系中，加深對科學現(xiàn)象的理解，豐富有關(guān)的科學概念和規(guī)律。<br/> 二、加強學生對實驗技能的掌握，培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力<br/> 技能從心理角度可分為動作技能和心智技能。實驗技能屬于動作技能；而心智技能是指借助于內(nèi)部語言在頭腦中進行的認知活動，它包括感知、記憶、想象、思維，但以抽象思維為其主要任務(wù)。在實驗教學過程中，教師要努力訓練學生的動作技能，所以教師在講解實驗時，首先，要通過示范講解，使學生形成正確的操作技能的視覺形象。其次，要讓學生模仿，做出正確的動作。再次，培養(yǎng)學生從依靠視覺控制過渡到動作控制。最后，教師要引導(dǎo)學生總結(jié)操作技能的優(yōu)缺點，提高操作技能的準確性、協(xié)調(diào)性、穩(wěn)定性和靈活性。對學生心智技能的培養(yǎng)，即創(chuàng)新思維能力的培養(yǎng)，教師在實驗教學過程中，應(yīng)做到以下四點：<br/> （1）注意培養(yǎng)學生思考的習慣和獨立思考的能力，在每一個實驗的演示階段，都應(yīng)提出相關(guān)的、具有探索意義的設(shè)問，把學生的思維引向深度。<br/> （2）教師恰當?shù)剡M行講解和質(zhì)疑，引導(dǎo)學生明確解決實驗的途徑、原理、方法和步驟，使學生克服盲目的嘗試猜測，培養(yǎng)學生的邏輯性和推理的嚴密性。<br/> （3）變更實驗條件，引導(dǎo)學生推測實驗結(jié)果并通過驗證，培養(yǎng)學生思維的廣闊性。<br/> （4）在原有實驗方案的基礎(chǔ)上，鼓勵學生設(shè)計實驗新方案，培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)造性。<br/> 總之，隨著新課程的實施，教師要調(diào)整自己的角色，改變傳統(tǒng)的教學方式。要體現(xiàn)出以人為本，以學生為中心，讓學生真正成為學習的主人。在課堂教學中，教師應(yīng)幫助學生檢視和反思自我，喚起學生成長的渴望；幫助學生尋找、搜集和利用學習資源的設(shè)計恰當?shù)膶W習活動；幫助學生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們所學東西的實際意義，營造和維持學習過程中積極的心理氛圍；幫助學生對學習過程和結(jié)果進行評價。教師要善于捕捉和激發(fā)學生思維的火花和學習的靈感，發(fā)現(xiàn)和挖掘?qū)W生發(fā)展的潛能。教師要給學生提供機會，創(chuàng)造條件，鼓勵、引導(dǎo)學生去按照正確的方向進行探究，然后讓學生享受成功，達到我們要求的教學目標。 </div> <div id="du90qqc" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="9o1h444" class="pnum"> <ul id="page_slice"> <div id="nktdloe" class="clear"></div> </ul> </div> </article> <div id="ov9x4bq" class="list_hot ar_related bj_mt20 louti"> <h4 class="title2 title2_te">相關(guān)文章</h4> <ul class="bj_mt20"> <li id="li7l4hn" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>11-07</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/lunwen/edu/theory/4061239.html" title="有關(guān)于教育理論的論文" target="_blank">有關(guān)于教育理論的論文</a> </li> <li id="heqs1py" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>11-07</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/lunwen/edu/theory/4061213.html" title="教育理論相關(guān)論文的錦集" 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