連詞與介詞的區(qū)別
我們在學習一種語言的時候經常會學習的語言的語法,那么你知道連詞和介詞的區(qū)別是什么嗎?下面是學習啦小編為你整理的連詞與介詞的區(qū)別,供大家閱覽!
介詞和連詞的區(qū)別:
介詞不能單獨作句子成分,但介詞在介詞短語中是兩個實質性結構成分中(介詞+名詞性詞語)的一個;而連詞在實質性結構中只起連接作用。下面以“和”為例談談如何區(qū)別介詞和連詞。①當“和”作介詞的時候,“和”前后的成分不能互換,前面可加副詞作狀語,后面可以有停頓。②當“和”作連詞的時候,“和”前后的成分可以互換,前面不能加副詞性修飾成分,后面不能停頓。
一、介詞的分類與語法功能
1. 介詞是虛詞,不能單獨作句子成分,必須與名詞、代詞(或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句等)構成介詞短語,在句中充當一個成分。
介詞分為:
?、?簡單介詞,如at、in、for等;
?、?合成介詞,如within、inside、onto、througout等;
?、?短語介詞,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
④ 雙重介詞,如from behind / above / under、until after等。
?、?分詞介詞,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常見的介詞賓語:名詞、代詞、動名詞、從句、不定式等。
如:
①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.
?、贖e quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
?、躀’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
?、軹he professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
2. 介詞短語在句中可作表語、定語、狀語和賓補等。
如:
?、賂his machine is in good condition.(表語)
?、赪here is the key to my bike?(定語)
?、跱othing in the world could live without air or water.(狀語)
?、躍he always thinks herself above others.(賓補)
二、介詞的搭配
1. “動詞+介詞”搭配:注意特定搭配與同一介詞與多個動詞搭配意義不同的情況。
?、賠ob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“奪去、除去”意 義的動詞與of 連用)
?、趕upply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供給”意義的動詞與with連用)
③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意義與of、from、into連用)
?、芙樵~ + the + 部位與動詞的關系(=動詞 + sb.’s + 部位,可換用)
strike him on the head(“擊,拍,碰,摸”意義與on連用) c
atch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意義與by連用)
hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,臉”等人體前部與in連用)
?、輕revent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意義與from連用)
⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“說服,建議”意義與into連用)
?、遙uy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意義與for連用)
?、鄑ell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意義與to連用)
?、醙ive sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意義與to連用)
注意:⑦⑧⑨可換成buy sb.sth.雙賓結構。
⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper與“對象”連用必須用to)不可說suggest sb.sth.。
同一介詞與不同動詞搭配,意義各異
reply to the letter回信,
sing(dance)to the music和....唱(跳),
amount to 達到,加起來有....,
devote to把...貢獻給,
drink to為....干杯,
object to反對,
look forward to 渴望,
come to蘇醒,
belong to屬于,
search for搜...,
ask … for … 尋找,
use … for用作,
leave for前往,
take … for誤以為,
call of倡導,
wait for等待,
care for喜歡,
make up for彌補損失,
turn to求助(救)于,
help oneself to隨意,
agree to同意,
compare … to把...比作,
send for派人去請(拿)...,
sail for駛向,航向,
set out for動身去,
go in for愛好„„。
2. 常見“形容詞 + 介詞”搭配。
worthy of值得的,
glad about sth. for sb.為某人某事高興,
far from離„„遠,
grateful for sth. to sb.為某事感激某人,
free from沒有„„(免除„„),
proud of(take pride in)自豪,
satisfied with (by)滿意,
sure of / about確信,
fond of喜歡,
fit for適合,
busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙著干某事,
full of充滿,
ready for準備,
similar to相似,
wrong with不對;有毛病„„
3. “名詞 + 介詞”要注意習慣搭配和意義區(qū)分。
三、核心介詞的用法歸納與辨析
1. 表示時間的介詞in的用法如下。
表示在某一較長時間內,如世紀、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,
如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。
還可以用時段名詞組成固定短語或詞組。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。
但要注意:
?、賏t night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜間)。
?、趇n five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在„„以后”。
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