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      2022高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

      時(shí)間: 淑燕0 分享

      英語(yǔ)是不能一步登天的,我們必須要學(xué)會(huì)一步一個(gè)腳印慢慢積累。因?yàn)槿说拇竽X不容易像計(jì)算機(jī)一樣高效率做很多任務(wù),下面是小編為大家整理的高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎閱讀!

      高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

      一、就近一致原則

      1.由or,not

      only...butalso...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常根據(jù)就近一致原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。

      Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.

      2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。

      Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.

      二、意義一致原則

      1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)的情況

      (1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠),news(消息)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。

      Politics is his favorite subject.

      (2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但所表示的意義是單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      Do you know when the United Nations was set up?

      2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況

      表示總稱意義的名詞,如people,police,public,cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      The police are searching for the murderer.

      3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)表示的意義而定

      (1)集體名詞,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)其在語(yǔ)境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all musiclovers.

      (2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      The poor were looked down upon in the old days.

      三、語(yǔ)法一致原則

      1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)

      (1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.

      (2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      The teacher and the poet have just arrived.

      (3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in ourcountry.

      (4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

      Bread and butter is not to his taste.

      2.表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞,盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

      Is fifty pounds enough?

      3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來(lái)定,如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;

      如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

      Two-thirds of the books are about science.

      Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.

      高三英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)

      一、全部倒裝

      1.There be句型:可以用在這類句型中的動(dòng)詞除b。

      外,還可用live,happen,exist,remaln,stand等作這類句型的謂語(yǔ)。例如:

      (l)There are many students in the classroom

      (2)Long long ago there lived a king who loved horsesvery much.

      2.Here/there/now+vi(常為come,go)+主語(yǔ)(必須是名詞)。此句型中here/there是用來(lái)喚起注意,意為:

      喂,注意了。例如:Here comes Mary.可轉(zhuǎn)換為:I can seeMary coming.

      here在句中也可接系動(dòng)詞,例如:Here is John3.then引起謂語(yǔ)為come,follow的句子,例如:

      (l)Then came a new difficulty.然后產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)新的困難。

      (2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-JapaneseWar.接著是八年抗戰(zhàn)。

      4- out,in,up,down,away之類的副詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句首,主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng),也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)不能是很短的人稱代詞,謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞come,go,run,rush等。句式為:副詞_LVi.+主語(yǔ)(必須是名詞)。例如:

      Away went the boy.

      5.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)放在句首,謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng),也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為:介詞短語(yǔ)+Vi.+主語(yǔ)(必須是名詞)。例如:

      In the middle of our school stands a high building.

      6.表語(yǔ)放在句首,表語(yǔ)常為形容詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。要求主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng),也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為:表語(yǔ)十系動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)(必須是名詞)。例如:

      (1) Very important in the farms' life is the radioweather report.

      (2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

      7.直接引語(yǔ)中間或后面表示某人說(shuō)這句話的插入語(yǔ)(特別是謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)),例如:“Help! Help!”cried the littlegirl.小姑娘叫道:“救命!救命!”

      如果主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)長(zhǎng),或是它后面有賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)就仍然放在前面,例如:“That man is a famous film star,”XiaoYang told me in a whisper.小楊低聲告訴我說(shuō):“那個(gè)人是著名的電影明星?!?/p>

      二、部分倒裝

      1.only+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首,例如:

      Only then did I realize the importance of English.

      注意:

      ①在only+狀語(yǔ)從句十主句結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)但從句用正常語(yǔ)序。

      ②only修飾主語(yǔ),不倒裝。

      2.否定詞(短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子,表示否定意義的副詞never, nor,neither.表示半否定意義的副詞hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的詞組如by no means(絕不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何時(shí)候都不,在任何情況下都不),not until,not only..but also...no sooner...than.

      hardly.一when,scarcely when等情況下,結(jié)構(gòu)為“否定詞十助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)十其他”。例如:

      (1) Never have I been in this city.

      (2) Little/Seldom d0 1 watch TV.

      (3)Not until I began to work did I realize how muchtime I had wasted.

      注意:①關(guān)聯(lián)詞的搭配;②前一分句倒裝,后一分句不倒裝。

      3.以so開(kāi)頭,用“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)”表面;前面敘述的肯定情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物,譯作“也,同樣,也如此”。表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物,用“neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)”。譯作“也不是,也沒(méi)有”。例如:Society has changedand so have the people in it.社會(huì)變了,人也變了。

      注意:

      ①當(dāng)s0表示對(duì)前句內(nèi)容的肯定、附和,或進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說(shuō)的情況,或者贊同前面的說(shuō)法譯作“的確,正是”時(shí)應(yīng)用自然語(yǔ)序:

      -Tom works hard.

      -So he does and so do you.

      ②倒裝部分的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致,主謂一致的變化要與后面主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。例如:If you don't go, neither/nor shal] I.(If youdon't go,I shall not go.)注意:表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及不同類型的動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用:

      It is the same with something /somebody.或So it is withsomething/somebody.例如:She does well in English, butis poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.

      4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)為表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形+as+主語(yǔ)十其他,例如:Hard as he tried,he didn,t succeed注意:表語(yǔ)前的名詞無(wú)形容詞修飾時(shí),冠詞要省略。

      5.so+adj. /adv.放在句首,例如:So afraid was he inthe darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.

      6.如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)含有were,。hould,had,可以把if省略,而將這三個(gè)詞放于條件句主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝。

      例如:If there should be a flood,what woulci we d07一Should there be a flood, what would we do?

      7.頻度副詞及短語(yǔ)often,always,now and then,many8 tlme,e”ery other day等放在句首時(shí),有時(shí)也倒裝。例如:

      Many a time has he come to comfort me.

      8.某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒裝語(yǔ)序,例如:

      May you succeed.祝你成功!

      高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

      1.定義:用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。

      2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

      3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:

      (1) 從屬連詞that。 如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facialresemblance between them.

      很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。

      (2) 從屬連詞whether。如:

      Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。

      (3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

      連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如:

      What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

      How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰(shuí)也不清楚。

      Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。

      Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我的家。

      解釋:

      1.主語(yǔ)從句能用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)。

      常以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有:

      A.It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny,possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如:

      It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。

      It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

      B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise,etc.)+that從句。如:

      It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遺憾我們不能去。

      It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒(méi)贏這場(chǎng)比賽真意外。

      C.It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced,arranged, etc.)+that從句。如:

      It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說(shuō)格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。

      It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite intoorbit.

      據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。

      D.It+seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that從句。如:

      It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

      It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

      E.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句。如:

      It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來(lái)這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。

      It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_(kāi)會(huì)毫無(wú)區(qū)別。

      F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí),要以it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。如:

      Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?

      Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來(lái)很要緊嗎?

      G.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí),要以it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。如:

      How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!

      2.注意連接代詞whoever,

      whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的含義

      Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who) 來(lái)的人將受到歡迎。

      Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。

      Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of youwho) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來(lái)將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)

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      2022高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

      英語(yǔ)是不能一步登天的,我們必須要學(xué)會(huì)一步一個(gè)腳印慢慢積累。因?yàn)槿说拇竽X不容易像計(jì)算機(jī)一樣高效率做很多任務(wù),下面是小編為大家整理的高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎閱讀!高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納一、就近一致原則1.由or,
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