高考學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法相關(guān)復(fù)習(xí)資料

英語(yǔ)是高考的重點(diǎn)科目之一，也是同學(xué)們?nèi)蘸蠊ぷ骱蜕钪斜仨氄莆盏囊婚T(mén)語(yǔ)言，那么英語(yǔ)高考知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些呢?以下是小編整理的高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)資料，希望可以提供給大家進(jìn)行參考和借鑒。

高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

(一)直接引述別人的原話(huà)，叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)，叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引

語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外，還必須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人

稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。

1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞

said,asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)

去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。例如：

Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2.人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化：

根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，例如：

She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,“These books are mine.”

→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，都使用陳述語(yǔ)序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同

。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，則用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked，

可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me,him,her,us等。如：

She said,“Is your father at home?”

→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣(

即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask/tell/order someone

(not)to do something.例如：

She said to us,“Please sit down.”

→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,“Go away!”

→He ordered him to go away.

He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”

→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念：它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞

例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+過(guò)去分詞

例如：These trees were planted the year before last.

3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be+過(guò)去分詞

例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞

例如：Your radio is being repaired now.

5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞

When he got there,the problem was being discussed.

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞

His work has been finished.

Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.

7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+been+過(guò)去分詞

注意：1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get,stay等也可以和過(guò)

去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.

2.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

More attention should be paid to the old in this country.

This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.

3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分別用“be going to+be+過(guò)去分詞”和“be to+be+過(guò)去分詞”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.

All these books are to be taken to the library.

4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注

意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通?？捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：

The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))

That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞往往要用much修飾。

例如：He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))

5.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味，如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物。

例如：These books sell well.這些書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。

The door won’t shut.這門(mén)關(guān)不上。

The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。

高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

一、不定式做主語(yǔ)：

1、不定式做主語(yǔ)一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。===動(dòng)名詞doing表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。

e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.

To do such things is foolish.

To see is to believe. (對(duì)等)

注: 1).不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

2).當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式放到謂語(yǔ)的后面。

it做形式主語(yǔ)，不定式放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：

(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…

(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…

It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary

(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...

It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do

It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…

It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…

注意: probable和possible均可作表語(yǔ)，但possible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)，而probable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)。

It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯(cuò))

It is possible for him to come to the meeting.

It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.