英語(yǔ)文摘的優(yōu)美節(jié)選
英語(yǔ)文摘的優(yōu)美節(jié)選
英語(yǔ)作文的提升其實(shí)是很容易的，但是大家一定不可以偷懶哦，小編今天給大家整理了英語(yǔ)的文摘，有需要的同學(xué)可以收藏起來(lái)哦，大家快點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)，行動(dòng)起來(lái)吧同學(xué)們
為什么昆蟲(chóng)的血是綠色的或是黃色的?
Why Is Insect Blood Green Or Yellow?
為什么昆蟲(chóng)的血是綠色的或是黃色的?
You’ve probably heard someone use the phrase “blood red,” but have you ever wondered if all blood really is red? For example, think about the bugs you’ve seen splatter against your car’s windshield, leaving behind a clear, yellowish, or greenish liquid. That liquid, is hemolymph, or insect blood.
你可能聽(tīng)到有些人這樣說(shuō)“血紅色”，但是你是否想過(guò)是不是所有的血都是紅色的?舉個(gè)例子，想一想你所見(jiàn)過(guò)的臭蟲(chóng)撞到你汽車(chē)的擋風(fēng)玻璃上時(shí)，留下一灘清楚的，黃色或是綠色的液體。這種液體是昆蟲(chóng)的淋巴液，或許是昆蟲(chóng)的血。
Insect Blood
昆蟲(chóng)的血液
The blood of an insect functions differently than the blood of a human. In humans, blood gets its red color from hemoglobin, which travels through blood vessels carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Insect blood, however, does not carry gasses and has no hemoglobin. Instead, bugs have a system of tubes that transport gasses directly between their cells and the outside air.
昆蟲(chóng)血和人類(lèi)的血在功能上大不相同。對(duì)人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，血液之所以呈現(xiàn)紅色是因?yàn)橛醒t蛋白，血紅蛋白通過(guò)血管從肺部向全身各處運(yùn)輸氧氣。而對(duì)于昆蟲(chóng)來(lái)說(shuō)，血液既不會(huì)運(yùn)輸任何氣體，也沒(méi)有血紅蛋白，相反地，昆蟲(chóng)的身體中有一個(gè)管路系統(tǒng)，可以直接在細(xì)胞核外界空氣中進(jìn)行氣體運(yùn)輸
In fact, insects don’t even have blood vessels. Instead there is a hollow space inside their external skeleton in which their blood oozes around. This cavity extends to the antennas, legs, and wing veins. The bug’s heart, a long tube that stretches the length of its body, pushes the blood from the rear end of the insect on forward. The bug may also have little hearts at the ends of its extremities to help move the blood along.
事實(shí)上，昆蟲(chóng)甚至沒(méi)有血管，取而代之的是外骨架內(nèi)部的空洞，血液可以在周?chē)鷿B出。這種腔體結(jié)構(gòu)延伸至觸角，腿和翅膀。昆蟲(chóng)的心臟，一條綿延整個(gè)身體的長(zhǎng)管子，將血液從身體的末端推到前面。昆蟲(chóng)在四肢處也可能有少許心臟來(lái)幫助血液流動(dòng)。
Pigment
色素
Pumping blood is a slow process: it takes about eight minutes for an insect’s blood to circulate completely. Like human blood, bug blood carries nutrients and hormones to the insect’s cells. The greenish or yellowish color of insect blood comes from the pigments of the plants the bug eats.
泵血是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程：昆蟲(chóng)全身血液完全循環(huán)一次大約需要八分鐘。類(lèi)似于人類(lèi)血液，昆蟲(chóng)血液運(yùn)載營(yíng)養(yǎng)和激素到昆蟲(chóng)細(xì)胞中。昆蟲(chóng)血液中的綠色或者黃色來(lái)自于昆蟲(chóng)吃的植物的色素。
美國(guó)宇航局教你如何防滑
NASA Wants To Teach You About Hydroplaning
美國(guó)宇航局教你如何防滑
What is hydroplaning?
什么是打滑現(xiàn)象?
Hydroplaning happens when a vehicle moves too quickly along a wet road. A layer of water accumulates under the tires; they lift up and lose traction; the driver loses control.
當(dāng)車(chē)輛在潮濕的路面上開(kāi)得太快時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)打滑現(xiàn)象。輪胎下聚積的一層水會(huì)抬高輪胎，失去附著摩擦力，駕駛員會(huì)失去對(duì)車(chē)輛的控制。
NASA?
美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局?
Now, what does NASA have to do with hydroplaning? Here’s an historical look at the science story. Hydroplaning is a relatively new phenomenon for humans, given that the combination of high speed and smooth pavement that’s necessary has only fairly recently become possible.
美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局與打滑現(xiàn)象有什么關(guān)系呢?我們來(lái)看下科學(xué)的歷史。打滑現(xiàn)象對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)是相對(duì)較新的現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)楦咚俸凸饣娜诵械酪彩亲罱鄬?duì)才有的。
In fact, it wasn’t until 1957 that a tire treadmill study first experimentally demonstrated hydroplaning “in action.” That study was motivated by airplanes. Hydroplaning had been causing a lot of problems for pilots landing on wet runways.
事實(shí)上，直到1957年一臺(tái)帶輪胎的踏車(chē)最先通過(guò)試驗(yàn)演示了打滑現(xiàn)象的存在。那項(xiàng)研究是由飛機(jī)引發(fā)的靈感。飛行員降落在潮濕跑道上，打滑現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)給他們?cè)斐闪舜罅康膯?wèn)題。
Here’s where NASA comes in. NASA scientists wanted to figure out what hydroplaning was all about. So, they collected a lot of data, and produced a mathematical formula to illustrate how quickly a vehicle could travel on a wet surface before entering hydroplane mode.
這也是NASA介入的原因。NASA科學(xué)家試圖弄明白打滑現(xiàn)象究竟是怎么回事。因此，他們收集了很多數(shù)據(jù)，并且得出一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式來(lái)說(shuō)明車(chē)輛在潮濕的路面以多快的速度行駛就會(huì)打滑。
Safety Tips
安全提示
They published the equation in 1963, along with information about the effects of water depth, paving technique, tire tread, and vehicle weight on hydroplaning risk.
1963年，科學(xué)家們公布了這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式，同時(shí)告訴大家水的深度、人行道的鋪設(shè)技術(shù)，輪胎面以及車(chē)的重量對(duì)打滑的影響。
This publication offered several important safety tips. For example, use well-treaded, fully inflated tires; and, don’t slam on the brakes if you skid on wet pavement.
這次信息的公開(kāi)提供了幾個(gè)重要的安全提示。例如，使用較好的輪胎面，完全充氣的輪胎，如果你在潮濕的地面上剎車(chē)時(shí)，不要用力踩剎車(chē)。
These suggestions may sound commonplace, and we now also know that vehicles with anti lock brakes require slightly different hydroplane handling than those without. However, we can thank those NASA scientists from fifty years ago for getting the word out, and helping to keep all drivers–on runways and roads–safer on rainy days.
這些建議似乎是老生常談，我們現(xiàn)在也知道帶防鎖死剎車(chē)裝置的車(chē)輛處理打滑現(xiàn)象時(shí)與沒(méi)有該剎車(chē)的車(chē)輛稍有不同。但無(wú)論如何，我們都要感激50年前NASA科學(xué)家們告訴我們打滑現(xiàn)象，使所有跑道和道路上的駕駛員在雨天能更安全行駛。
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