少兒編程如何才能駛向新“藍?！?/title> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <meta name="description" content="你家孩子學編程了嗎? 近年來，越來越多的家長將未來競爭力作為孩子的重要培養(yǎng)目標。少兒編程作為STEM(集科學、科技、工程、藝術(shù)與數(shù)學為一體)多學科綜合教育理念的具體體現(xiàn)，受到了機構(gòu)和家長的歡迎。某咨詢機構(gòu)發(fā)布的《中國少兒編程行"/> <link rel="canonical" href="http://66eebb.com/"/> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <link href="/public/css/article.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <script>var V_PATH="/";window.onerror=function(){ return true; };</script> </head> <body> <h1><a href="http://66eebb.com/">亚洲高清vr播放在线观看,欧美亚洲精品免费,欧美日韩天堂在线视频,午夜福利小视频</a></h1> <div style="position:fixed;left:-9000px;top:-9000px;"><thead id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></mark></address></thead><dl id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"></em></dl><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><pre id="lrpnr"><tt id="lrpnr"></tt></pre><i id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"></acronym></menuitem></video></i><u id="lrpnr"></u><dfn id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></video></ol></dfn><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></acronym><pre id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></strike></em></pre><label id="lrpnr"></label><meter id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></form></style></meter><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"></strong></legend></span></dfn><var id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></acronym></progress></var><sup id="lrpnr"><rp id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"></strong></legend></rp></sup><form id="lrpnr"><p id="lrpnr"></p></form><acronym id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></acronym><video id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"></div></video><b id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"></address></b><label id="lrpnr"></label><th id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"></progress></th><legend id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></meter></b></legend><ol id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"></ol></address></form></ol><menuitem id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"><small id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"></menuitem></small></thead></menuitem><label id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"></strong></label><form id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></mark></sup></form><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><progress id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"><ins id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"></div></ins></var></progress><th id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></address></b></th><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby><style id="lrpnr"><track id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"><dl id="lrpnr"></dl></big></track></style><style id="lrpnr"></style><legend id="lrpnr"></legend><listing id="lrpnr"></listing><form id="lrpnr"></form><strong id="lrpnr"></strong><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></label></span></dfn><p id="lrpnr"></p><th id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></acronym></progress></th><pre id="lrpnr"></pre><rp id="lrpnr"></rp><label id="lrpnr"></label><listing id="lrpnr"></listing><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><th id="lrpnr"></th><ruby id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></ruby><div id="lrpnr"></div><nobr id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"></output></nobr><track id="lrpnr"></track><acronym id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"></big></em></form></acronym><meter id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></b></style></meter> <meter id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></nobr></sup></meter><video id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></i></div></video><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></ruby></listing></i><nobr id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></nobr><track id="lrpnr"></track><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></legend></mark></dfn><dl id="lrpnr"></dl><small id="lrpnr"><pre id="lrpnr"></pre></small><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"></mark></dfn><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"><ins id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></ins></th></acronym><legend id="lrpnr"></legend><pre id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></pre><thead id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"></acronym></b></listing></thead><font id="lrpnr"></font><form id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></strike></address></form><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><th id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></address></b></th><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><pre id="lrpnr"></pre><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><tt id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><font id="lrpnr"></font></label></thead></tt><p id="lrpnr"><tt id="lrpnr"><font id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></font></tt></p><legend id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"></form></legend><strong id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"><sub id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></sub></output></strong><video id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><font id="lrpnr"></font></i></menuitem></video><em id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"></ol></em><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"></i></menuitem></listing></i><th id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"></var></acronym></b></th><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></acronym><legend id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></legend><progress id="lrpnr"></progress><label id="lrpnr"></label><b id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></style></label></b><address id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"></var></address><address id="lrpnr"></address><label id="lrpnr"></label><listing id="lrpnr"></listing><form id="lrpnr"></form><acronym id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></em></var></acronym><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><small id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"></listing></i></div></small><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><sub id="lrpnr"></sub></div></listing></i><var id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></thead></dfn></var><em id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></dfn></var></em><strike id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></span></sup></strike><progress id="lrpnr"></progress><optgroup id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"></label></i></ruby></optgroup><strike id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><rp id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></rp></dfn></strike><strong id="lrpnr"></strong> <sup id="lrpnr"><rp id="lrpnr"></rp></sup><listing id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></listing><thead id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></th></acronym></thead><i id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"></label></i><dfn id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"><pre id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></pre></big></dfn><sup id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></sup><var id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></var><th id="lrpnr"><ins id="lrpnr"></ins></th><ol id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"></ol></dfn></video></ol><em id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></em><legend id="lrpnr"></legend><thead id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"></label></thead><output id="lrpnr"></output><b id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"></acronym></b><sup id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></sup><meter id="lrpnr"></meter><div id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><small id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"></menuitem></small></label></div><label id="lrpnr"><small id="lrpnr"></small></label><b id="lrpnr"></b><strike id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"></strike></output></strong></strike><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"></mark></dfn><strong id="lrpnr"><optgroup id="lrpnr"></optgroup></strong><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><form id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"></output></form><mark id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></mark><mark id="lrpnr"></mark><strong id="lrpnr"></strong><strike id="lrpnr"><pre id="lrpnr"></pre></strike><div id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"></progress></ruby></i></div><rp id="lrpnr"></rp><acronym id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></acronym><ins id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></listing></div></ins><strong id="lrpnr"></strong><thead id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"></div></video></label></thead><dl id="lrpnr"><track id="lrpnr"></track></dl><u id="lrpnr"></u><form id="lrpnr"><p id="lrpnr"></p></form><span id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></span><em id="lrpnr"></em><thead id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></strong></listing></thead><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></dfn><big id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"></sup></big><var id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></var><form id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"></form></strike></meter></form><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></form></mark></dfn><strike id="lrpnr"></strike><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><strike id="lrpnr"><track id="lrpnr"></track></strike><track id="lrpnr"></track><dfn id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"></em></legend></big></dfn></div><div id="muo9w" class="pl_css_ganrao" style="display: none;"><ruby id="muo9w"></ruby><progress id="muo9w"></progress><var id="muo9w"><listing id="muo9w"><style id="muo9w"><dl id="muo9w"></dl></style></listing></var><video id="muo9w"></video><em id="muo9w"><em id="muo9w"><rt id="muo9w"></rt></em></em><optgroup id="muo9w"></optgroup><li id="muo9w"><video id="muo9w"><del id="muo9w"></del></video></li><noframes id="muo9w"></noframes><em id="muo9w"><ul id="muo9w"><tbody id="muo9w"><blockquote id="muo9w"></blockquote></tbody></ul></em><center id="muo9w"><label id="muo9w"><dfn id="muo9w"><legend id="muo9w"></legend></dfn></label></center><i id="muo9w"><acronym id="muo9w"></acronym></i><delect id="muo9w"><mark id="muo9w"><wbr id="muo9w"></wbr></mark></delect><optgroup id="muo9w"></optgroup><delect id="muo9w"><center id="muo9w"><pre id="muo9w"><thead id="muo9w"></thead></pre></center></delect><button id="muo9w"></button><legend id="muo9w"><style id="muo9w"><wbr id="muo9w"></wbr></style></legend><del id="muo9w"></del><p id="muo9w"></p><mark id="muo9w"><dd id="muo9w"></dd></mark><object id="muo9w"></object><kbd id="muo9w"></kbd><small id="muo9w"></small><thead id="muo9w"></thead><ol id="muo9w"><label id="muo9w"></label></ol><small id="muo9w"></small><rt id="muo9w"><object id="muo9w"><p id="muo9w"><dl id="muo9w"></dl></p></object></rt><blockquote id="muo9w"></blockquote><code id="muo9w"></code><tr id="muo9w"><menu id="muo9w"></menu></tr><small id="muo9w"></small><tt id="muo9w"><font id="muo9w"><ruby id="muo9w"></ruby></font></tt><font id="muo9w"></font><source id="muo9w"></source><del id="muo9w"><option id="muo9w"></option></del><ul id="muo9w"></ul><bdo id="muo9w"></bdo><pre id="muo9w"></pre><form id="muo9w"></form><cite id="muo9w"></cite><u id="muo9w"></u><nav id="muo9w"><pre id="muo9w"><bdo id="muo9w"></bdo></pre></nav><xmp id="muo9w"></xmp><strong id="muo9w"><tbody id="muo9w"><abbr id="muo9w"><kbd id="muo9w"></kbd></abbr></tbody></strong><form id="muo9w"></form><dfn id="muo9w"><nobr id="muo9w"></nobr></dfn><bdo id="muo9w"></bdo><acronym id="muo9w"><source id="muo9w"><s id="muo9w"><li id="muo9w"></li></s></source></acronym><label id="muo9w"><label id="muo9w"></label></label><form id="muo9w"><pre id="muo9w"></pre></form></div> <header class="ar_header"> <div id="xjpqchd" class="main"> <div id="bkkxigd" class="logo fl"> <a href="http://66eebb.com"target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="fl"><img src="/public/images/logo3.png" alt="學習啦"></a> </div> <nav class="nav3 fl"> <ul class="nav_wrap"> <li id="jy4pupm" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/redian/" target="_blank" title="熱點">熱點</a></li><li id="41c46nu" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/jiaoyu/" target="_blank" title="教育">教育</a></li><li id="9itpez4" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/wenhua/" target="_blank" title="文化">文化</a></li><li id="2paqhnh" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/ertong/" target="_blank" title="兒童">兒童</a></li><li id="dgvost1" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/job/" target="_blank" title="職場">職場</a></li><li id="egjzvwv" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/chuguo/" target="_blank" title="出國">出國</a></li><li id="gn6gql9" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/liuxue/" target="_blank" title="留學">留學</a></li><li id="ggs4alq" class="nav_item ts"><a href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/kaoyan/" target="_blank" title="考研">考研</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </header> <div id="tosdj9c" class="con main"> <div id="wyhlohr" class="position"> <em class="iconfont ca icon-dingwei"></em> <a href='http://66eebb.com/'>學習啦</a> > <a href='http://66eebb.com/zixun/'>教育資訊</a> > <a href='http://66eebb.com/zixun/jiaoyu/'>教育</a> > <span>少兒編程如何才能駛向新“藍?！?/span> </div> <div id="xai1dgh" class="ar_con_nr"> <div id="zjjjt1p" class="con_l fl"> <article class="ar_con bg louti"> <div id="y640p4q" class="ar_title"> <h1>少兒編程如何才能駛向新“藍?！?/h1> <div id="rln914q" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="vjjntlk" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="1t90dzw" class="sp2 c6 fl">時間：<time class="fxtime">2023-02-19 23:58:46</time></span> <span id="pqfcci9" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">騰宇</em><em class="user_id noshow">1218</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="v6s1s9j" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="msmqhof" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="ovrzf1z" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> <p>少兒編程如何才能駛向新“藍?！?/p><p> 　　你家孩子學編程了嗎?</p><p> 　　近年來，越來越多的家長將未來競爭力作為孩子的重要培養(yǎng)目標。少兒編程作為STEM(集科學、科技、工程、藝術(shù)與數(shù)學為一體)多學科綜合教育理念的具體體現(xiàn)，受到了機構(gòu)和家長的歡迎。某咨詢機構(gòu)發(fā)布的《中國少兒編程行業(yè)研究報告》認為，隨著未來政策利好、教育理念演化，少兒編程市場將在5年內(nèi)從目前的30億元至40億元的市場規(guī)模擴大到300億元。在業(yè)內(nèi)，少兒編程被稱為當前教育培訓市場的新“藍海”。</p><p> 　　這個暑假，除舞蹈、繪畫、樂器等傳統(tǒng)培訓課程外，少兒編程課成了家長的“新寵”。目前，家長們?yōu)楹⒆訄竺賰壕幊膛嘤柕闹饕康囊运季S訓練和嘗鮮為主。不少專家表示，青少年學習編程裨益良多。</p><p> 　　少兒編程都學些什么?作為教育培訓領(lǐng)域的新“藍海”，行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀如何?少兒編程學習呈現(xiàn)了哪些趨勢和特點?近日，中國教育報記者走訪了多家教育培訓機構(gòu)，采訪了部分家長和專家。</p><p><strong>　　課程豐富缺體系，教學生動難評估</strong></p><p> 　　樂高機器人編程，空間構(gòu)建大顆粒、小顆粒，單片機，軟件編程……走訪中記者發(fā)現(xiàn)，國內(nèi)少兒編程課程種類相對豐富，可以滿足3至18歲少年兒童不同層次的學習需求。為了滿足學生參加國內(nèi)外各種編程賽事的需求，不少機構(gòu)還開設了專門的競賽培訓班。</p><p> 　　“我孫女很喜歡來這上課，她和同學、老師玩得很好?！痹诒本┪鞒悄成賰壕幊膛嘤枡C構(gòu)里，等著接4歲孫女的趙大爺說。曾參與撰寫《中國少兒編程行業(yè)研究報告(2018)》的艾瑞咨詢分析師宓軼倩表示，目前少兒編程的課程內(nèi)容比較簡單，“針對低齡孩子的課程內(nèi)容主要通過游戲進行，娛樂性趣味性強”。</p><p> 　　課程體系不完善、學習效果評估體系缺乏一直是少兒編程培訓廣受詬病的地方。北京師范大學新聞傳播學院教授、長期從事計算傳播學研究的吳曄表示，低齡兒童學習編程的前提條件是，課程設置應當符合兒童認知發(fā)育規(guī)律，而不是隨意設置課程。核桃編程創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官曾鵬軒表示：“很多企業(yè)直接照搬國外的少兒編程教材，但國外的課程體系并不完全適用于國內(nèi)青少年。”</p><p> 　　此外，對少兒編程教學效果的評價體系尚未形成。今年，中國電子學會啟動了全國青少年軟件編程等級考試項目，是首個在全國層面針對青少年機器人軟件編程能力水平的社會化評價項目，項目標準仍需進一步推廣。</p><p> 　　雖然培訓機構(gòu)都在強調(diào)自己引入了諸如CSTA(國際主流計算機科學教育標準)等完善、規(guī)范、科學的評估體系，但曾鵬軒表示：“與傳統(tǒng)的學科學習可以用考試成績等衡量學習結(jié)果不同，少兒編程教育重在提升青少年的邏輯思維能力。思維能力的訓練其實很難用明顯的教學成果來體現(xiàn)?！?/p><p><strong>　　師資少力量弱，一邊學一邊教</strong></p><p> 　　人才缺乏、師資力量弱是當前少兒編程市場的另一特點。</p><p> 　　“做少兒編程教育對老師的要求不低。既需要懂編程，也需要了解少兒學習和認知的規(guī)律，而現(xiàn)實情況是，懂少兒教育教學的不一定懂編程，懂編程的又大部分供職于薪資更高的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)?！痹i軒說，“因此少兒編程師資短缺比較嚴重，而且地域分布很不均衡。”</p><p> 　　盡管多家機構(gòu)強調(diào)自己的培訓老師普遍具備計算機學習背景，并且會經(jīng)過嚴格的崗前培訓，但與快速擴張的少兒編程培訓市場相比，既掌握少兒教育教學知識又了解編程的老師仍舊稀缺。限于師資不足，經(jīng)過短暫培訓后，一些機構(gòu)只能要求老師熟悉課件即可?！?0%的老師都是新手?！鄙钲诘诙n堂機器人教育創(chuàng)始人曹勝標在采訪中表示，在一些面向低齡兒童的、以玩為主的少兒編程課程中，老師自己一邊學習一邊教的現(xiàn)象比較普遍。</p><p> 　　目前，大多數(shù)少兒編程培訓機構(gòu)盈利情況并不可觀，“整個少兒編程市場依然處于市場培育期，大多數(shù)機構(gòu)都是燒錢在做?！辈軇贅吮硎荆按送?，機構(gòu)還得在銷售、場地、設備上進行投入。”據(jù)了解，在此背景下，少兒編程培訓老師的工資并不高。以線下少兒編程某頭部企業(yè)為例，在武漢招聘的少兒編程老師月薪為5000元;而另一家少兒編程的頭部企業(yè)深圳員工的月薪為8000元。</p><p><strong>　　越來越多的家長孩子為功利目的而學</strong></p><p> 　　吳曄認為，中小學生學習編程意義重大，“這不僅是因為未來編程應用廣泛，更因為計算機思維是同數(shù)學思維、物理思維一樣重要的基礎(chǔ)思維能力”。北京市第十九中學學生發(fā)展處副處長鄭予東在對學生學習編程的效果進行觀察后，認為“對孩子的邏輯思維訓練確實很有幫助”。自2017年國家對普通高中課程大綱進行改革，人工智能等內(nèi)容成為選擇性必修模塊后，該校的Python(一種編程語言)課已經(jīng)開設了近兩年。</p><p> 　　在某機構(gòu)報名單上的“學習目的”一欄，十幾位家長中就有3人寫下了“升學”。2018年，浙江省將編程(Python)納入高考七選三考查科目，北京、山東等也將編程基礎(chǔ)知識納入高考新課標內(nèi)容。當下，不少中外名校更加看重學生STEM教育背景，對于信息學奧賽獲獎選手開啟錄取綠燈。</p><p> 　　多家少兒編程培訓機構(gòu)的老師也表示，近年來為孩子升學、留學來報名的家長越來越多了，“小學高年級及以上的孩子來上課，更多出于升學的考慮”。</p><p> 　　雖然通過信息學競賽夢圓名校的依然是少數(shù)，但是對技術(shù)知識的焦慮以及培訓機構(gòu)對這種焦慮的捕捉、擴大，進一步強化了這種功利趨勢。</p><p> 　　記者發(fā)現(xiàn)，多家機構(gòu)的宣傳手冊都在顯著位置強調(diào)了學習編程對孩子考試、升學、就業(yè)帶來的優(yōu)勢?！皠e讓孩子輸了未來”“人機時代，必須讓孩子學會與機器對話”“參與國內(nèi)外賽事贏得中高考等升學競爭”“參加信息學奧賽，低分也有機會上名?！?hellip;…這些言說具體利好的宣傳招徠向家長們揮舞著熱情之手。</p><p> 　　從目前的發(fā)展趨勢來看，不少專家擔憂，隨著編程知識被廣泛納入評價體系，編程學習會出現(xiàn)過分的熱度，成為壓在孩子身上的新負擔。“這和鼓勵全民參與奧數(shù)一樣，是極其不合適的。偏離了培養(yǎng)編程思維這一基礎(chǔ)能力的初衷?！眳菚媳硎?，“興趣學習應當是第一位的，不應將編程學習變成學生的壓力和包袱?！?/p><p><strong>　　少兒編程如何真正“走向未來”</strong></p><p> 　　為應對即將到來的人工智能時代所帶來的巨大挑戰(zhàn)，近年來，國家大力推動人工智能教育發(fā)展，先后出臺了《新一代人工智能發(fā)展規(guī)劃》《促進新一代人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展三年行動計劃(2018—2020年)》《高等學校人工智能創(chuàng)新行動計劃》等重要文件。整體上形成了人工智能教育從發(fā)達地區(qū)先行試點再到全國逐步推廣、從高等教育先行再到義務教育逐漸普及的格局。</p><p> 　　業(yè)內(nèi)人士預測，少兒編程市場將在5年內(nèi)從目前的30億元至40億元的市場規(guī)模擴大到300億元。相比美國等發(fā)達國家，中國的少兒編程市場還未爆發(fā)。以專門針對少兒的編程語言Scratch為例，在美國，這一市場的滲透率達到了44.8%，而中國僅為0.96%。</p><p> 　　“少兒編程還是一個規(guī)模很小的教育細分市場，還處在探索發(fā)展的階段，在外界認知、政策監(jiān)管和行業(yè)規(guī)范上都還有很長的路要走?！卞递W倩說。不同于少兒英語、少兒美術(shù)等已經(jīng)有穩(wěn)定共識的素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)，很多家長其實并不了解少兒編程?！吧賰壕幊淘摬辉搶W?幾歲學?去哪個機構(gòu)學?對于少兒編程，家長們的認識其實很模糊”。</p><p> 　　面對學齡前兒童學習編程是否過早這一關(guān)鍵爭議，某少兒編程機構(gòu)的楊老師表示，“教育的基準線一直在上升，這并不超前。咱們30多歲才可能接觸的東西，現(xiàn)在的小孩10歲或者更小就會了。”吳曄也表示，學齡前兒童學習編程并不算早，“什么時候?qū)W習‘1234’ ‘ABCD’，什么時候就可以學習編程。”不過他表示：“這有重要的前提條件，那就是課程學習必須符合兒童的認知發(fā)育規(guī)律，這在當下其實是很難做到的?！?/p><p> 　　面對當前局部熱度攀升的少兒編程市場，專家呼吁，要給予更多的耐心、時間和規(guī)范管理?！斑@一市場畢竟還很‘幼小’，存在很多不規(guī)范的地方，需要給它時間成長，也需要給政府更多的時間去規(guī)范。”宓軼倩表示。</p><hr /><p> 相關(guān)文章：</p><p> 1.<a _href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/lingdaojianghua/xuexiao/4185981.html" href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/lingdaojianghua/xuexiao/4185981.html" target="_blank">校長畢業(yè)典禮經(jīng)典致辭</a></p><p> 2.<a _href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/jiaoyu/c64544.html" href="http://66eebb.com/zixun/jiaoyu/c64544.html" target="_blank">靶向整治校外線上培訓亂象:鼓勵綜合素質(zhì)類培訓</a></p><p> 3.<a _href="http://66eebb.com/fangfa/xuexiguilv/3660761.html" href="http://66eebb.com/fangfa/xuexiguilv/3660761.html" target="_blank">電腦編程怎么學習</a></p><p> 4.<a _href="http://66eebb.com/fangfa/xuexiguilv/3661343.html" href="http://66eebb.com/fangfa/xuexiguilv/3661343.html" target="_blank">對于三歲孩子不愛學習應該怎么辦</a></p><p> 5.<a _href="http://66eebb.com/naoli/luojisiwei/67899.html" href="http://66eebb.com/naoli/luojisiwei/67899.html" target="_blank">邏輯思維訓練500題及答案</a></p> </div> <div id="j6umxp6" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="c4oep9x" class="pnum"> <ul id="page_slice"> <div id="ueenixl" class="clear"></div> </ul> </div> </article> <div id="yemvz9o" class="list_hot ar_related bj_mt20 louti"> <h4 class="title2 title2_te">相關(guān)文章</h4> <ul class="bj_mt20"> <li id="ezsuwmi" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>03-23</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/shuomingshu/c1317437.html" title="java知識概要說明書" target="_blank">java知識概要說明書</a> </li> <li id="wgi9r1s" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>03-09</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/xindetihuishixi/c1305265.html" title="計算機編程實習心得體會最新" target="_blank">計算機編程實習心得體會最新</a> </li> <li id="qn6w9hp" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>07-26</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/xindetihuifwn/c1162217.html" title="編程心得體會范文" target="_blank">編程心得體會范文</a> </li> <li id="vxpw9s6" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>03-11</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/cizhibaogao/c1014089.html" title="編程工程師工作辭職報告" target="_blank">編程工程師工作辭職報告</a> </li> <li id="fq9xlrd" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>12-24</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/ziwopingjiaxiaqiuzhi/c823251.html" title="it開發(fā)工程師自我評價" target="_blank">it開發(fā)工程師自我評價</a> </li> <li id="9alji1v" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>06-09</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/danao/luojisiwei/c449370.html" title="鍛煉編程思維方法有哪些" target="_blank">鍛煉編程思維方法有哪些</a> </li> <li id="9r9wunh" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>06-01</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/jiyi/way/c437987.html" title="數(shù)字編程聯(lián)想法的記憶方法" target="_blank">數(shù)字編程聯(lián)想法的記憶方法</a> </li> <li id="p9cikc9" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>05-19</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/danao/luojisiwei/c417782.html" title="鍛煉編程思維方法及科學編程邏輯思維題分享" target="_blank">鍛煉編程思維方法及科學編程邏輯思維題分享</a> </li> <li id="jv7qqzu" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>03-05</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/english/jisuanji/c336333.html" title="關(guān)于計算機的編程和語言" target="_blank">關(guān)于計算機的編程和語言</a> </li> <li id="p9dd4zr" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>11-26</time> <a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/xinde/c212963.html" title="編程課程心得體會范文【五篇】" target="_blank">編程課程心得體會范文【五篇】</a> </li> <li id="vbnlgfe" class="clear"></li> </ul> </div> <div id="wzzif9u" class="y_ju"></div> </div> <div id="4kmvqmw" class="con_r fr"> <div id="6y19qya" class="author_btn"></div> <div id="gvid1ij" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="mquw6wi" class="hot r_rwap hot_sou bj_mt10"> <div id="ariqymx" class="title1"><em class="iconfont icon-remen ca"></em><h4>熱門文章</h4></div> <ul class="bj_mt10"> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/xindetihuipeixun/c212947.html" title="編程實訓的心得體會精選" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">編程實訓的心得體會精選</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/ziwopingjiaresume/c76183.html" title="求職簡歷的自我評價如何去寫" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">求職簡歷的自我評價如何去寫</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/shenqingshu/c76159.html" title="如何撰寫入團申請書" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">如何撰寫入團申請書</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/shenqingshu/c76148.html" title="如何寫員工加薪的申請書" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">如何寫員工加薪的申請書</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/ziwopingjiaresume/c76146.html" title="如何寫出面試的個人自我評價" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">如何寫出面試的個人自我評價</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/shenqingshu/c76060.html" title="如何寫少年先鋒隊入隊申請書" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">如何寫少年先鋒隊入隊申請書</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/live/jiqiao/c76065.html" title="寫作技巧：如何設置好懸念？" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">寫作技巧：如何設置好懸念？</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/live/jiqiao/c76055.html" title="寫作技巧：如何寫瞬間的懸念？" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">寫作技巧：如何寫瞬間的懸念？</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/fwn/ziwopingjiaresume/c76062.html" title="如何在簡歷上寫出一篇出色的自我評價" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">如何在簡歷上寫出一篇出色的自我評價</a></li> <li><a href="http://66eebb.com/live/jiqiao/c76083.html" title="寫作技巧：如何寫好一個故事的中間部分?" target="_blank" class="lb_2 lb_6 chao f14 ts">寫作技巧：如何寫好一個故事的中間部分?</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="64qfuvj" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="cq9wpxa" class="r_nav"></div> <div id="ndd9ny1" class="y_ju"></div> </div> <div id="hmrihr6" class="clear"></div> </div> </div>  <footer class="footer1 bj_mt20"></footer>  <div id="gdfw4g1" class="ar_louti"></div> <em class="noshow myarcid">75368</em> <footer> <div class="friendship-link"> <a href="http://66eebb.com/" title="亚洲高清vr播放在线观看,欧美亚洲精品免费,欧美日韩天堂在线视频,午夜福利小视频">亚洲高清vr播放在线观看,欧美亚洲精品免费,欧美日韩天堂在线视频,午夜福利小视频</a> <div style="position:fixed;left:-9000px;top:-9000px;"><thead id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></mark></address></thead><dl id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"></em></dl><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><pre id="lrpnr"><tt id="lrpnr"></tt></pre><i id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"></acronym></menuitem></video></i><u id="lrpnr"></u><dfn id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></video></ol></dfn><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></acronym><pre id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></strike></em></pre><label id="lrpnr"></label><meter id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></form></style></meter><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"></strong></legend></span></dfn><var id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></acronym></progress></var><sup id="lrpnr"><rp id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"></strong></legend></rp></sup><form id="lrpnr"><p id="lrpnr"></p></form><acronym id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></acronym><video id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"></div></video><b id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"></address></b><label id="lrpnr"></label><th id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"></progress></th><legend id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></meter></b></legend><ol id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"></ol></address></form></ol><menuitem id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"><small id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"></menuitem></small></thead></menuitem><label id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"></strong></label><form id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></mark></sup></form><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><progress id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"><ins id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"></div></ins></var></progress><th id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></address></b></th><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby><style id="lrpnr"><track id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"><dl id="lrpnr"></dl></big></track></style><style id="lrpnr"></style><legend id="lrpnr"></legend><listing id="lrpnr"></listing><form id="lrpnr"></form><strong id="lrpnr"></strong><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></label></span></dfn><p id="lrpnr"></p><th id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></acronym></progress></th><pre id="lrpnr"></pre><rp id="lrpnr"></rp><label id="lrpnr"></label><listing id="lrpnr"></listing><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><th id="lrpnr"></th><ruby id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></ruby><div id="lrpnr"></div><nobr id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"></output></nobr><track id="lrpnr"></track><acronym id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"></big></em></form></acronym><meter id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></b></style></meter> <meter id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></nobr></sup></meter><video id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></i></div></video><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></ruby></listing></i><nobr id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"></meter></nobr><track id="lrpnr"></track><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></legend></mark></dfn><dl id="lrpnr"></dl><small id="lrpnr"><pre id="lrpnr"></pre></small><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"></mark></dfn><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"><ins id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></ins></th></acronym><legend id="lrpnr"></legend><pre id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></pre><thead id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"></acronym></b></listing></thead><font id="lrpnr"></font><form id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></strike></address></form><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><th id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><address id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></address></b></th><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><pre id="lrpnr"></pre><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><tt id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><font id="lrpnr"></font></label></thead></tt><p id="lrpnr"><tt id="lrpnr"><font id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></font></tt></p><legend id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"></form></legend><strong id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"><sub id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></sub></output></strong><video id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><font id="lrpnr"></font></i></menuitem></video><em id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"></ol></em><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"></i></menuitem></listing></i><th id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"></var></acronym></b></th><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"></th></acronym><legend id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></legend><progress id="lrpnr"></progress><label id="lrpnr"></label><b id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></style></label></b><address id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"></var></address><address id="lrpnr"></address><label id="lrpnr"></label><listing id="lrpnr"></listing><form id="lrpnr"></form><acronym id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></em></var></acronym><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn><small id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"></listing></i></div></small><i id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><sub id="lrpnr"></sub></div></listing></i><var id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></thead></dfn></var><em id="lrpnr"><var id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></dfn></var></em><strike id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></span></sup></strike><progress id="lrpnr"></progress><optgroup id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"></label></i></ruby></optgroup><strike id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><rp id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></rp></dfn></strike><strong id="lrpnr"></strong> <sup id="lrpnr"><rp id="lrpnr"></rp></sup><listing id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></listing><thead id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"><th id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></th></acronym></thead><i id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"></label></i><dfn id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"><pre id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></pre></big></dfn><sup id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></sup><var id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></var><th id="lrpnr"><ins id="lrpnr"></ins></th><ol id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"><ol id="lrpnr"></ol></dfn></video></ol><em id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></em><legend id="lrpnr"></legend><thead id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"></label></thead><output id="lrpnr"></output><b id="lrpnr"><acronym id="lrpnr"></acronym></b><sup id="lrpnr"><nobr id="lrpnr"></nobr></sup><meter id="lrpnr"></meter><div id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><small id="lrpnr"><menuitem id="lrpnr"></menuitem></small></label></div><label id="lrpnr"><small id="lrpnr"></small></label><b id="lrpnr"></b><strike id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"></strike></output></strong></strike><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"></mark></dfn><strong id="lrpnr"><optgroup id="lrpnr"></optgroup></strong><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><form id="lrpnr"><output id="lrpnr"></output></form><mark id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></mark><mark id="lrpnr"></mark><strong id="lrpnr"></strong><strike id="lrpnr"><pre id="lrpnr"></pre></strike><div id="lrpnr"><i id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"><progress id="lrpnr"></progress></ruby></i></div><rp id="lrpnr"></rp><acronym id="lrpnr"><style id="lrpnr"></style></acronym><ins id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><ruby id="lrpnr"></ruby></listing></div></ins><strong id="lrpnr"></strong><thead id="lrpnr"><label id="lrpnr"><video id="lrpnr"><div id="lrpnr"></div></video></label></thead><dl id="lrpnr"><track id="lrpnr"></track></dl><u id="lrpnr"></u><form id="lrpnr"><p id="lrpnr"></p></form><span id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"></legend></span><em id="lrpnr"></em><thead id="lrpnr"><listing id="lrpnr"><strong id="lrpnr"><thead id="lrpnr"></thead></strong></listing></thead><dfn id="lrpnr"><span id="lrpnr"></span></dfn><big id="lrpnr"><sup id="lrpnr"></sup></big><var id="lrpnr"><b id="lrpnr"></b></var><form id="lrpnr"><meter id="lrpnr"><strike id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"></form></strike></meter></form><dfn id="lrpnr"><mark id="lrpnr"><form id="lrpnr"><dfn id="lrpnr"></dfn></form></mark></dfn><strike id="lrpnr"></strike><thead id="lrpnr"></thead><strike id="lrpnr"><track id="lrpnr"></track></strike><track id="lrpnr"></track><dfn id="lrpnr"><big id="lrpnr"><legend id="lrpnr"><em id="lrpnr"></em></legend></big></dfn></div> <div class="friend-links"> </div> </div> </footer> <script> (function(){ var bp = document.createElement('script'); var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0]; if (curProtocol === 'https') { bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js'; } else { bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js'; } var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s); })(); </script> </body><div id="t99jf" class="pl_css_ganrao" style="display: none;"><tbody id="t99jf"></tbody><acronym id="t99jf"><td id="t99jf"></td></acronym><acronym id="t99jf"></acronym><big id="t99jf"></big><menuitem id="t99jf"></menuitem><strong id="t99jf"></strong><tbody id="t99jf"><address id="t99jf"></address></tbody><del id="t99jf"></del><small id="t99jf"><b id="t99jf"><track id="t99jf"><rp id="t99jf"></rp></track></b></small><output id="t99jf"></output><output id="t99jf"><dd id="t99jf"><meter id="t99jf"><thead id="t99jf"></thead></meter></dd></output><th id="t99jf"><strong id="t99jf"></strong></th><tbody id="t99jf"></tbody><legend id="t99jf"><strike id="t99jf"></strike></legend><object id="t99jf"><strike id="t99jf"></strike></object><address id="t99jf"><strike id="t99jf"><dl id="t99jf"></dl></strike></address><font id="t99jf"><sub id="t99jf"><ins id="t99jf"></ins></sub></font><pre id="t99jf"></pre><source id="t99jf"></source><em id="t99jf"><form id="t99jf"><pre id="t99jf"><center id="t99jf"></center></pre></form></em><acronym id="t99jf"><div id="t99jf"><thead id="t99jf"><blockquote id="t99jf"></blockquote></thead></div></acronym><menu id="t99jf"></menu><strike id="t99jf"><style id="t99jf"><noframes id="t99jf"><bdo id="t99jf"></bdo></noframes></style></strike><mark id="t99jf"><wbr id="t99jf"><sup id="t99jf"></sup></wbr></mark><acronym id="t99jf"><ol id="t99jf"></ol></acronym><tfoot id="t99jf"><th id="t99jf"></th></tfoot><strong id="t99jf"></strong><rp id="t99jf"><output id="t99jf"><acronym id="t99jf"><div id="t99jf"></div></acronym></output></rp><kbd id="t99jf"></kbd><strong id="t99jf"><bdo id="t99jf"><listing id="t99jf"><nav id="t99jf"></nav></listing></bdo></strong><dl id="t99jf"></dl><mark id="t99jf"></mark><object id="t99jf"></object><font id="t99jf"></font><tt id="t99jf"><video id="t99jf"></video></tt><small id="t99jf"><var id="t99jf"><track id="t99jf"><abbr id="t99jf"></abbr></track></var></small><abbr id="t99jf"><th id="t99jf"><delect id="t99jf"><mark id="t99jf"></mark></delect></th></abbr><dfn id="t99jf"></dfn><i id="t99jf"><pre id="t99jf"><label id="t99jf"><label id="t99jf"></label></label></pre></i><ul id="t99jf"></ul><pre id="t99jf"></pre><nav id="t99jf"><table id="t99jf"><strong id="t99jf"><small id="t99jf"></small></strong></table></nav><label id="t99jf"><s id="t99jf"></s></label><blockquote id="t99jf"><meter id="t99jf"></meter></blockquote><table id="t99jf"><bdo id="t99jf"></bdo></table><em id="t99jf"><ul id="t99jf"><xmp id="t99jf"></xmp></ul></em><dd id="t99jf"></dd><center id="t99jf"></center><div id="t99jf"></div><legend id="t99jf"></legend><tbody id="t99jf"></tbody><dl id="t99jf"><acronym id="t99jf"><big id="t99jf"></big></acronym></dl><div id="t99jf"><tbody id="t99jf"><span id="t99jf"><dd id="t99jf"></dd></span></tbody></div><meter id="t99jf"><big id="t99jf"><legend id="t99jf"></legend></big></meter><center id="t99jf"></center><strong id="t99jf"><form id="t99jf"></form></strong><td id="t99jf"></td><option id="t99jf"></option><mark id="t99jf"><acronym id="t99jf"><dfn id="t99jf"></dfn></acronym></mark><thead id="t99jf"></thead><table id="t99jf"></table><xmp id="t99jf"></xmp><video id="t99jf"></video><tfoot id="t99jf"></tfoot><span id="t99jf"></span><div id="t99jf"><delect id="t99jf"><pre id="t99jf"><center id="t99jf"></center></pre></delect></div><dfn id="t99jf"></dfn><dl id="t99jf"></dl><small id="t99jf"></small><form id="t99jf"></form><span id="t99jf"><sup id="t99jf"><thead id="t99jf"><p id="t99jf"></p></thead></sup></span><table id="t99jf"></table><font id="t99jf"><del id="t99jf"><ins id="t99jf"><td id="t99jf"></td></ins></del></font><meter id="t99jf"><kbd id="t99jf"></kbd></meter><source id="t99jf"></source><font id="t99jf"><samp id="t99jf"><xmp id="t99jf"></xmp></samp></font><option id="t99jf"></option><optgroup id="t99jf"></optgroup><code id="t99jf"></code><dl id="t99jf"></dl><code id="t99jf"></code><dfn id="t99jf"><video id="t99jf"></video></dfn><center id="t99jf"></center><optgroup id="t99jf"><abbr id="t99jf"><ins id="t99jf"></ins></abbr></optgroup><sup id="t99jf"></sup><u id="t99jf"></u><input id="t99jf"><nav id="t99jf"></nav></input><acronym id="t99jf"><rt id="t99jf"><thead id="t99jf"></thead></rt></acronym><source id="t99jf"></source><em id="t99jf"><form id="t99jf"><th id="t99jf"></th></form></em><label id="t99jf"><small id="t99jf"><legend id="t99jf"></legend></small></label><table id="t99jf"><bdo id="t99jf"></bdo></table><meter id="t99jf"></meter><dd id="t99jf"><big id="t99jf"></big></dd><div id="t99jf"><tbody id="t99jf"><strike id="t99jf"><dd id="t99jf"></dd></strike></tbody></div><font id="t99jf"><legend id="t99jf"></legend></font><strike id="t99jf"><legend id="t99jf"><fieldset id="t99jf"></fieldset></legend></strike><i id="t99jf"></i><form id="t99jf"><optgroup id="t99jf"><label id="t99jf"></label></optgroup></form><rp id="t99jf"><xmp id="t99jf"></xmp></rp></div> </html>