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      學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) > 英語(yǔ)聽力 > 關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的必考考點(diǎn)剖析

      關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的必考考點(diǎn)剖析

      時(shí)間: 小潔1242 分享

      關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的必考考點(diǎn)剖析

        今天小編想和大家分享的是關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的必考考點(diǎn)剖析,高三的同學(xué)要特別注意了,接下來(lái)就讓我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。

        一. 轉(zhuǎn)化法

        在英語(yǔ)中,一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。

        1. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

        ●Let me have a try.

        讓我試試。

        ●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.

        在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。

        2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

        ●He shouldered his way through the crowd.

        他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。

        ●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

        從廚房傳來(lái)的氣味使他流口水。

        3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

        ●We will try our best to better our living conditions.

        我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。

        ●They tried to perfect the working conditions.

        他們努力改善工作條件。

        4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

        ●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

        他不辨是非。

        ●The old in our village are living a happy life.

        我們村的老年人過(guò)著幸福的生活。

        5. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞

        ●How long have you lived there?

        你在那兒住多久了?

        6. 個(gè)別詞在一定場(chǎng)合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

        ●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

        穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。

        ●Life is full of ups and downs.

        人生有得意時(shí)也有失意時(shí)。

        ●His argument contains too many ifs and buts.

        他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

        二. 合成法

        由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞連在一起合成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法,合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞一般看其詞,知其意。

        1. 合成名詞

        ●名詞/代詞+名詞 newspaper blood-test she-wolf

        ●動(dòng)詞+名詞 typewriter pickpocket daybreak

        ●形容詞+名詞 greenhouse highway

        ●副詞+名詞 overcoat outside

        ●名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞 handwriting reading-room freezing-point

        ●動(dòng)詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動(dòng)詞 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome

        ●名詞+介詞+名詞 sister-in-law editor-in-chief

        2. 合成形容詞

        ●名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term

        ●副詞+形容詞 over-anxious evergreen

        ●名詞+過(guò)去分詞 man-made sun-burnt

        ●名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving English-speaking

        ●形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking easy-going

        ●副詞+過(guò)去分詞 well-informed widespread

        ●副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hardworking far-reaching

        ●形容詞+名詞+ed warm-hearted absent-minded

        ●數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-legged ten-storied

        ●數(shù)詞+名詞 one-way five–star

        ●數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 ten-year-old 800-meter-long

        ●名詞+to+名詞 face –to-face door - to -door

        3. 合成動(dòng)詞

        ●名詞+動(dòng)詞 baby-sit sleepwalk

        ●副詞+動(dòng)詞 outnumber underestimate overwork

        ●形容詞+動(dòng)詞 whitewash

        4. 合成副詞

        ●形容詞+名詞 meanwhile anyway

        ●形容詞+副詞 everywhere anyhow

        ●副詞+副詞 however

        ●介詞+名詞 beforehand overhead

        ●介詞+副詞 forever

        5. 合成代詞

        ●代詞賓格+self/selves herself themselves

        ●物主代詞+self/selves myself yourselves

        ●形容詞+名詞 anything nothing

        6. 合成介詞

        ●副詞+名詞 inside outside

        ●介詞+副詞 without within

        ●副詞+介詞 into

        三. 派生法

        由一個(gè)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。

        1. 前綴

        除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意義,但不改變單詞的詞性。

        (1)表示否定意義的前綴

        ●un- unhappy unfinished undress

        ●dis- disagree disbelieve

        ●in- [il-(在字母l前),im- (在字母m,b,p前),ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

        ●mis- misbehave mislead mistake

        ●non- nonstop nonsmoker

        (2)表示其他意義的前綴

        ●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage

        ●inter- “相互”international intercontinental

        ●re- “再,又,重”rethink retell recycle

        ●tele- “遠(yuǎn)程的”telescope telephone telegraph

        ●auto- “自動(dòng)的”automatic automobile

        ●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist

        ●anti- “反對(duì),抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

        ●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor

        ●bi- “雙,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

        ●micro- “極小的,微小的”microwave microcomputer

        ●over- “太多,過(guò)分”overwork overdo overestimate

        ●self- “自己,本身”self-centered self-confident self-control

        ●under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

        2. 后綴

        (1)形容詞后綴

        ●-able “可……的,具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

        ●-al “與……有關(guān)的”physical, magical, political

        ●-an “屬于某地方的人”American African

        ●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern

        ●-ful/ less “(沒(méi))有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

        ●-ish “如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish

        ●-ive “有……傾向的”active attractive expensive

        ●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

        ●-ous “有(性質(zhì))的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

        ●-ly “有……性質(zhì)的”friendly yearly daily

        ●-y “構(gòu)成形容詞”noisy dusty cloudy

        (2)名詞后綴

        ●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

        ●-ese “某國(guó)(人)的”Chinese, Japanese

        ●-ian “某國(guó)、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

        ●-ist “某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist, scientist, communist,socialist

        ●-ess “表女性,雌性”hostess, actress, princess

        ●-ment “行為或其狀態(tài)”government, movement, achievement

        ●-ness “性質(zhì),狀態(tài)”illness, sadness, carelessness

        ●-tion “動(dòng)作,過(guò)程,結(jié)果”invention, organization, translation

        ●-ance/ ence “抽象;行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”importance, appearance, absence, existence

        ●-th “性質(zhì)、情況” depth, warmth, truth

        ●-ful “(滿的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

        ●-(a)bility “抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility, disability, reliability

        ●-al “過(guò)程、狀態(tài)”survival, arrival, approval

        ●-y “性質(zhì)、情況”modesty, delivery, honesty

        ●-dom “處于……狀態(tài);性質(zhì)”freedom, boredom

        ●-age “狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結(jié)果”courage, storage, marriage

        (3)動(dòng)詞后綴

        ●-fy / ify “使得;變得” simplify, beautify, purify

        ●-en “使成為;變得” shorten, deepen, sadden

        ●-ize “使成為” apologize, realize, specialize

        (4)副詞后綴

        ●-ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily

        ●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

        (5)數(shù)詞后綴

        ●-teen “十幾” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

        ●-ty “整十位數(shù)” forty, fifty, sixty

        ●-th “序數(shù)詞” twelfth, twentieth

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